Pathogenesis of avian encephalomyelitis viruses

Phylogenetics and Pathogenesis of Early Avian Influenza Viruses (H5N1), Nigeria

Three highly pathogenic avian influenza subtype H5N1 and 4 Newcastle disease viruses were isolated from sick or dead chickens in southwestern Nigeria. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis placed them within H5N1 subclade 2.2.2. Intravenous and intranasal pathogenicity tests produced systemic disease with vascular endothelial cell tropism in chickens.

Serologic surveys for avian encephalomyelitis and chicken-embryo-lethal-orphan viruses in chickens in Korea.

Avian influenza viruses

Influenza viruses belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family, genus Orthomyxovirus, and are divided into three types – A, B, and C – based on the antigenic differences between their nucleoprotein and matrix proteins. Influenza A viruses are further subdivided into several subtypes. A most striking feature of influenza viruses is their ability to continually change their genetic structure – in partic...

Role of host cytokine responses in the pathogenesis of avian H5N1 influenza viruses in mice.

Highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza viruses are now widespread in poultry in Asia and have recently spread to some African and European countries. Interspecies transmission of these viruses to humans poses a major threat to public health. To better understand the basis of pathogenesis of H5N1 viruses, we have investigated the role of proinflammatory cytokines in transgenic mice deficient in ...

Tenacity of avian influenza viruses.

The goal of this review is to provide an overview of existing research on the environmental tenacity of avian influenza (AI) viruses, to identify gaps in our current understanding, and discuss how this information relates to AI control, eradication, and prevention. We are just beginning to understand the environmental factors that affect infectivity and the extent of variation in environmental ...